Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Question: Discuss about the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Answer: Introduction: Saudi Arabia which is officially also known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest of the Arab states of the Western Asia. According to Jouini (2013), the country is bordered by Jordan and Iraq on the northern side and Omen and Yemen in the southern part. The countries of Kuwait, Qatar and United Arab Emirates cover the country from the east. This is the land of the two great mosques of the Mecca and Medina. The economy of Saudi Arabia is very much dominated by the industrial sectors that have offered about 62.3% of the countrys total GDP in the year 2015. In the year 2009, the nation has under gone a global recession, however, due to the strong and determined fundamentals, the country has been able to survive during the time of crisis. Apart from the oil and petroleum industries, there are also many other industries prevailing in the country. The mining and the quarrying industries of the countries, however, contribute about the 26.8% of the country total GDP in the year 2015 (Nakov and Nuo 2013). Saudi Arabia (Source: Brown et al. 2013) The political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors of Saudi Arabia have been analyzed in this study with the help of using the PESTLE analysis. The affects of these different factors on the import of the protective textiles by Saudi Arabia oil and gas industries from the Bruck Textiles of Australia have also been shown in the context to the PESTLE analysis of the market of Saudi Arabia oil and gas industry. Product chosen: The industrial product that has been chosen to be analyzed and discussed in this particular research study is the different oil industry. The Australian Organization that has been chosen is the Bruck Textiles that provides protective fabrics that are required for the oil and gas industry of Saudi Arabia. Justification for the product chosen: The different oil industries of Saudi Arabia have been chosen for the doing of the PESTLE analysis. The oil industries have been chosen to analyze because this nation accounts for almost 25% of the world's total oil reserves. This nation plays a very crucial and important role in the different affairs of the Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Therefore, this industry is countable among the most important industries of Saudi Arabia. The Australian organization, the Bruck Textile manufactures not only the normal kind of quality fabrics however, it is also specialized in manufacturing of a range of protective fabrics that are used in military, fire fighting, oil and gas, metal smelting, mining and other industry purposes. So this industry has been chosen as this industry of Australia supplies the protective fabrics for the oil and gas industries of Saudi Arabia (Bruck Textiles 2016). Relationship between the oil and gas industry of Saudi Arabia and the Bruck Textiles of Australia: The Bruck textiles is Australia based company which has its head office at Sydney. This company manufactures best quality protective wear fabrics and applications solutions for the requirement of the protective clothing for the emergency services and the safety of the oil and gas industry and other specialized industries workers. The protective fabrics from this company are exported to Saudi Arabian oil and gas industries. Saudi Arabia imports these fabrics for the work wear of its workers as it ensures safety of the workers (Bruck Textiles 2016). PESTLE Analysis: The decisions of the management system of any country depend on the different factors of the macro-environment. These factors can be managed and analyzed with the help of the PESTLE model. The PESTLE model has following classifications: Political factors: This shows the exact level at which the government of the country materializes with the political economy. The political factors mainly include the different laws of the country, tax and tax policy, trade restrictions and others. Economic factor: The economic factors have the main influence on the process of the operation of the business. It includes the interest and exchange rates, economic growth and the inflation rates of a country. Social factor: The demand for the goods of the country depends on upon and gets affected by the social factor of the country. The social factor includes the cultural aspects of the country. It also includes the rate of the population growth, health consciousness, age distribution and the career possibilities of the country people. Technological factor: The technological factor of the country affects the quality, costs and the leads to the innovation of a country. The technological factors would include the technological aspects of automation, technological change and incentives and the RD activity. Legal factor: The legal factors of the country that has an effect on the operational process, the demand and the costs of the products manufactured in the country. The legal factors include the different laws such as the discrimination law, consumer law and others. Environmental factor: The different environmental issues such as the climate change affect the operational process of the companies and the markets of the products. The environmental factors include the weather, climate and the changes in them. This mainly affects the insurance, tourism and the farming industries of the nation (Team 2013). The PESTLE analysis of Saudi Arabia oil and gas industries in the context with the importing of protective fabrics from an Australian Organization, Bruck Textiles: Political factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: According to Gause (2014), the oil and petroleum industry requires the high amount of labor work and also it requires paying the taxes and all the other charges that are levied on them by the Saudi Arabian government. The oiling industries of the nation have to follow and implement the labor law in the industry premises. There are some trade restrictions and different taxation processes also that the industries require following regarding the import and the exports of the oil and different other related products. There is also some import taxations and rules which the Bruck Textiles has to follow for the exporting of the protective work wear in the industrial sector of Saudi Arabia. The government of the country provides for the goods and the services that are required for this industry so that this industry can flourish and help the government to develop a strong economic position in the world by this industry. This is the main industry of the country; there are millions of people a ssociated with this industrial sector, therefore, the government requires enforcing a better law system and the safety of the workers. All the different political factors and their laws are in the reference of the governmental policy of Saudi Arabia. The government holds the power of enhancing the infrastructure and the quality of the products of this sector (Vassiliev 2013). Economic Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: The economic factors of the oil and petroleum industry have its direct influence on the supply and the demand of the oil products and the prices related to them, the substitute goods. Saudi Arabia is a member of the OPEC (Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries) which was founded in Bagdad in the year 1960. The members of the country at initial were Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Venezuela. Being a member of the OPEC, which was founded in 1960year in Bagdad, Saudi Arabia, has benefitted wealth from the selling of the oil and petroleum to different other countries (Alshehry et al. 2015). As oil and petroleum are very necessary for different commercial and domestic for every country and Saudi Arabia being one of the most leading countries for petroleum supply, supplies oil and petroleum to different other countries. This resulted in earning lot of wealth for the country. As the country is economically self sufficient and does not has much financial issu es therefore, it also takes different steps for the safety of its workers and the country has also different laws regarding the welfare and the safety of the workers working in the commercial sectors of the country. The industries have to abide by the law and follow all the labor related laws. Social Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: As said by Mokheimer et al. (2014) the different demographic, profit migration, culture, producing process and others are shown and depicted through the social factors of any industry. This is a sector which requires the hard and high amount of labor work to be done. The workers working in this sector are required to be professionals skilled and professionals. Therefore, the country treats its skilled labours as a resource of the country and their safety is utmost important for the industry as experienced labours are not available much. The oil and the petroleum industries cause great pollutions and here should be laws against it. However, no actions are being taken on it as this industry is considered to be the most important industry of the nation. The Bruck Textiles provides for the clothing that would act as a shield against all factors chances of accident, pollution and others. Technological factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: As stated by Al-Somali et al. (2013) the technological factors mainly include the technology and the techniques that are used and the way it affects the activities and the result of the operating process. The technologies and the modern techniques that are required by the industries of the oil sectors are very advance, huge and risk to handle. Therefore, the workers require special work wears that would ensure the safety of the worker while operating the different machines and others. All such fabrics and work wears for this purpose are imported in the country from Bruck textile. The latest technologies are required for the exploration of oil and gas and the use of roads drainage system and fuel tanks transportation. Legal Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: The legal factor includes mainly the rules and the laws that are prevailing in the country under the order of the government. The legal factor also ensures that the industrial sectors abide by the laws set by the government for the labor of the country. As mentioned by (Baamir 2016) the laws of the nation have been formed according to the different departments and international organizations like ASEAN, European Union, and others. The issues of exploitation, corruption and commercialization of the oil products are addressed through the legal laws of the country. The different industries of the nation have to pay the taxes, subsidies and other charges for the fossil fuels and the oil and petroleum prices (Aust 2013). Environmental Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: The presence and the position of the oil reserves of Saudi Arabia have a great effect on the different activities of the oil industries. Due to the exploration of the ground for the extraction of the natural oil, the country has recently started facing the issues of earthquakes, cyclones, tsunami, sandstorms, high temperature and volcanic eruption (Krten et al. 2014). Many a times such accidents take place while the workers are working in the industries. To save the workers from these dangers, the Bruck Textiles provides Saudi Arabia with the solution uniforms for high daytime visibility, vector barrier, protection from ultraviolet rays, anti- static environment, insect borne pathogens, protection from radiant heat and flash fire and electric arc fire. (Matter et al. 2015). Conclusions: From the above study, it could be concluded that the political relation of Saudi Arabia is mostly affected due to the presence of the oil reserves in the country. The government of the nation provides for the services and the goods that are required for the oil and petroleum industry so that these industries could get enhanced. The oil industries emit loads of pollution in the country and are responsible for almost 70% of the nation's total pollution. The government also could not take any required step to combat this issue in the country as the oil and petroleum industry is the main industry of Saudi Arabia and the government would do anything to promote this sector. The government only promotes the industry but also it treats its workers as their resources as without them the work in such dangerous and hazardous sector would not have been possible. The specialized protective fabrics and solution uniforms are imported for the safety assurance of the workers from an Australia based c ompany, Bruck Textiles. The government gives the most importance to the growth as this is the main industry of Saudi Arabia and because of this industry Saudi Arabia is economically prosperous. References: Al Mallakh, R. and el Mallakh, R., 2015.Saudi Arabia: Rush to Development (RLE Economy of Middle East): Profile of an Energy Economy and Investment. Routledge. Alshehry, A.S. and Belloumi, M., 2015. Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: The case of Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,41, pp.237-247. Al-Somali, S.A., Gholami, R. and Clegg, B., 2013. An investigation into the adoption of electronic commerce among Saudi Arabian SMEs.E-Commerce for Organizational Development and Competitive Advantage, p.126. Aust, A., 2013.Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge University Press. 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