Philip Larkin Wedding Wind Summary - 1597 Words

Philip Larkin’s Wedding Wind, is a poem about a newlywed woman, and her recounts of her first night as a married woman. The following day she is coming to the realization of what she just got herself into. The character realizes that this marriage is not going to satisfy her, and that it is already off to a bad start. She now regrets her new life, and in the end even talks about death. The poem illustrates how marriage is not what you think it is. The style of this poem is a lyric poem, which is a short piece of writing with the main character expressing their thoughts and feelings. In the poem the woman is speaking about her new life as a married woman. In the poem the words: I, my, wedding, and wind are used a lot. All of these words†¦show more content†¦In the second stanza it is the next day and things have shifted just like the weather. â€Å"All’s ravelled under the sun by the wind’s blowing. He has gone to look at the floods, and I carry a chippe d pail to the chicken-run, set it down and stare.† In this scene the woman seems to be doing farm work while her new husband is doing nothing, and it seems as if she is doing all the work. I think the chipped pail represents something damaged and broken possibly on the road to disaster or being broken. This pail could represent both the woman and her husband who probably have their individual issues and sooner or later everything will clash and crumble. Perhaps their marriage. In this second half of the poem there also should have been a honeymoon of some sort, but still no celebrating between the couple. â€Å"All is the wind hunting through clouds and forests, thrashing my apron and the hanging cloths on the line.Can it be borne, this bodying-forth by wind of joy my action turn on, like a thread carrying beads?† I think the character is describing her sadness and frustration as taking on a â€Å"bodily form† and only the wind being a strong and forceful object to carry that amount of manpower for which she is expressing. And a thread carrying beads representing fragility some type of weakness. â€Å"Shall I be let sleep now this perpetual morning shares my bed?† The woman is realizing that this is what her life will

What Is The American Dream - 942 Words

If asked the question, â€Å" What is the American Dream?†, many people would have a variety of answers. It may depend on many factors including, how one has been raised, their age, socioeconomic factors, and ethnicity. There have been so many changes in our country over the years from the 1900’s until now including wars, racial beliefs and family structures which led to an array of definitions of the American Dream. An American Dream can be different for each person. It can be about many factors as we will see throughout the paper. To cover these different factors, interviews have been completed with three subjects who are different ages, race and socioeconomic status. The first subject is a 94 year-old caucasian male veteran named Warren Tuttle. He worked hard to finish high school, as many did not complete this huge task during this era. Mr. Tuttle worked hard as a farmer on the same farm he still lives on today. His first paying job, at the age of 16, was at JC Penny. From there, he went to work at Belk until he was drafted by the Air Force.From talking with Mr. Tuttle, we discussed many components of his childhood. He was the youngest of 2 children and his parents were married. At the age 26, he married a lovely woman and had two children of his own. He had a daughter and a son who died at two days old. They both were happily married for 67 years and had a good life together. During this time in service, he flew in World War II. His duty during his service was to map theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The American Dream?1407 Words   |  6 Pages What is the American Dream? If you ask anyone they will provide you with all types of answers, from making a successful life for one to wishing and hoping that America changes and grows as a whole. Personally I believe that the American Dream is the idea that was put in my head as a small child by parents and the other adults around. For me, this was the motion that in the beginning it’s as simple as going to school and make A’s so that I can be accepted into a good college, and then you must workRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?895 Words   |  4 PagesSince the very first steps taken on American soil, people have dreamt of pursuing the American dream. What is the American dream? Many people believe that the American dream can’t be defined in one simple sentence. To some people the American dream means getting a new car and to others a new home, but for many Americans it has a deeper meaning. As we have seen, equality has been a struggle from the beginning; but it has led to the liberty within the country. The accomplishments that have been madeRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1094 Words   |  5 PagesMost Americans are unsatisfied with their lives. So many people live their lives discontented with where they are in life. They are discontented with their status in society, the money they make, goals they have yet to achieve, their profession, how they didn’t complete their schooling, and the list unfortunately goes on. We as Americans have a large advantage in comparison to most societies within the world, we have the freedom to live the American dream. What is the American dream? The DeclarationRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For The American Dream?864 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does it mean to be an American dream? It is a hope of the American people that everyone has a same opportunity to achieve a success through their resolution, originality, and hard-working. Hundreds and hundred years, millions of people all over the world come to America to search and prove the true of an American dream. Unfortunately, in fact, everybody has different opportunities and obstacles to achieve their dream relate to gender, and especially class. Firstly, a gender is an importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Whats Up With The American Dream 994 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does the american dream mean to you? â€Å"The American dream, to me, means having the opportunity to achieve, because I don t think you should be guaranteed anything other than opportunity† (Leny Wilkens). The Article â€Å"Whats up with the American Dream† is all about how the American Dream is changing. It s transitioning from going to school, working hard, and advancing in your career to being handed a job through the connections you have. The thesis in this article is â€Å"We go to school, studyRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1508 Words   |  7 PagesGatsby†, F. Scott Fitzgerald suggests that the American Dream is illusory and can never be fulfilled. He suggests this concept through Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanan, Tom Buchanan, and Myrtle Wilson. When these people try to purse this unfulfilling dream, only sadness and failure is left for them to feel. In the 1920’s, everyone was following a never ending train of disappointment and failure know as the American Dream. The American Dream was the belief that through hard work, determinationRead MoreWhat Is John Steinbecks Theme Of The American Dream831 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck describes a world where the American Dream was a wonderful dream to live but very difficult to live because of the challenges. In the 1930s, the Great Depression was occurring and it was horrible. During this time it was very disturbing how many people were living because they could not afford anything. The American dream was honesty not very achievable during this time period. Many people John Steinbeck reveals the reality of the 1930s in his novel. Steinbeck’s purpose in writingRead MoreThe American Dream Is What Most People Hope For. People1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe American dream is what most people hope for. People migrate to the U.S. wanting to have a better life and people w ho live in the U.S hope to have a prosperous life. The Tortilla Curtain by T.C. Boyle shows two different couples trying to achieve the American dream and the things that they face to try and get the dream. Reading this you learn that there are many tribulations that people go through in trying to accomplish the American dream. This book enables the audience to view both perspectivesRead MoreLiving The American Dream : What Do You Think?1889 Words   |  8 PagesWhen you hear about living the American dream, what do you think? Is the American dream the ability to go to school wherever you want and accomplish everything you’ve ever wanted to do with a little hard work and elbow grease? 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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Question: Discuss about the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Answer: Introduction: Saudi Arabia which is officially also known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest of the Arab states of the Western Asia. According to Jouini (2013), the country is bordered by Jordan and Iraq on the northern side and Omen and Yemen in the southern part. The countries of Kuwait, Qatar and United Arab Emirates cover the country from the east. This is the land of the two great mosques of the Mecca and Medina. The economy of Saudi Arabia is very much dominated by the industrial sectors that have offered about 62.3% of the countrys total GDP in the year 2015. In the year 2009, the nation has under gone a global recession, however, due to the strong and determined fundamentals, the country has been able to survive during the time of crisis. Apart from the oil and petroleum industries, there are also many other industries prevailing in the country. The mining and the quarrying industries of the countries, however, contribute about the 26.8% of the country total GDP in the year 2015 (Nakov and Nuo 2013). Saudi Arabia (Source: Brown et al. 2013) The political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors of Saudi Arabia have been analyzed in this study with the help of using the PESTLE analysis. The affects of these different factors on the import of the protective textiles by Saudi Arabia oil and gas industries from the Bruck Textiles of Australia have also been shown in the context to the PESTLE analysis of the market of Saudi Arabia oil and gas industry. Product chosen: The industrial product that has been chosen to be analyzed and discussed in this particular research study is the different oil industry. The Australian Organization that has been chosen is the Bruck Textiles that provides protective fabrics that are required for the oil and gas industry of Saudi Arabia. Justification for the product chosen: The different oil industries of Saudi Arabia have been chosen for the doing of the PESTLE analysis. The oil industries have been chosen to analyze because this nation accounts for almost 25% of the world's total oil reserves. This nation plays a very crucial and important role in the different affairs of the Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Therefore, this industry is countable among the most important industries of Saudi Arabia. The Australian organization, the Bruck Textile manufactures not only the normal kind of quality fabrics however, it is also specialized in manufacturing of a range of protective fabrics that are used in military, fire fighting, oil and gas, metal smelting, mining and other industry purposes. So this industry has been chosen as this industry of Australia supplies the protective fabrics for the oil and gas industries of Saudi Arabia (Bruck Textiles 2016). Relationship between the oil and gas industry of Saudi Arabia and the Bruck Textiles of Australia: The Bruck textiles is Australia based company which has its head office at Sydney. This company manufactures best quality protective wear fabrics and applications solutions for the requirement of the protective clothing for the emergency services and the safety of the oil and gas industry and other specialized industries workers. The protective fabrics from this company are exported to Saudi Arabian oil and gas industries. Saudi Arabia imports these fabrics for the work wear of its workers as it ensures safety of the workers (Bruck Textiles 2016). PESTLE Analysis: The decisions of the management system of any country depend on the different factors of the macro-environment. These factors can be managed and analyzed with the help of the PESTLE model. The PESTLE model has following classifications: Political factors: This shows the exact level at which the government of the country materializes with the political economy. The political factors mainly include the different laws of the country, tax and tax policy, trade restrictions and others. Economic factor: The economic factors have the main influence on the process of the operation of the business. It includes the interest and exchange rates, economic growth and the inflation rates of a country. Social factor: The demand for the goods of the country depends on upon and gets affected by the social factor of the country. The social factor includes the cultural aspects of the country. It also includes the rate of the population growth, health consciousness, age distribution and the career possibilities of the country people. Technological factor: The technological factor of the country affects the quality, costs and the leads to the innovation of a country. The technological factors would include the technological aspects of automation, technological change and incentives and the RD activity. Legal factor: The legal factors of the country that has an effect on the operational process, the demand and the costs of the products manufactured in the country. The legal factors include the different laws such as the discrimination law, consumer law and others. Environmental factor: The different environmental issues such as the climate change affect the operational process of the companies and the markets of the products. The environmental factors include the weather, climate and the changes in them. This mainly affects the insurance, tourism and the farming industries of the nation (Team 2013). The PESTLE analysis of Saudi Arabia oil and gas industries in the context with the importing of protective fabrics from an Australian Organization, Bruck Textiles: Political factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: According to Gause (2014), the oil and petroleum industry requires the high amount of labor work and also it requires paying the taxes and all the other charges that are levied on them by the Saudi Arabian government. The oiling industries of the nation have to follow and implement the labor law in the industry premises. There are some trade restrictions and different taxation processes also that the industries require following regarding the import and the exports of the oil and different other related products. There is also some import taxations and rules which the Bruck Textiles has to follow for the exporting of the protective work wear in the industrial sector of Saudi Arabia. The government of the country provides for the goods and the services that are required for this industry so that this industry can flourish and help the government to develop a strong economic position in the world by this industry. This is the main industry of the country; there are millions of people a ssociated with this industrial sector, therefore, the government requires enforcing a better law system and the safety of the workers. All the different political factors and their laws are in the reference of the governmental policy of Saudi Arabia. The government holds the power of enhancing the infrastructure and the quality of the products of this sector (Vassiliev 2013). Economic Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: The economic factors of the oil and petroleum industry have its direct influence on the supply and the demand of the oil products and the prices related to them, the substitute goods. Saudi Arabia is a member of the OPEC (Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries) which was founded in Bagdad in the year 1960. The members of the country at initial were Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Venezuela. Being a member of the OPEC, which was founded in 1960year in Bagdad, Saudi Arabia, has benefitted wealth from the selling of the oil and petroleum to different other countries (Alshehry et al. 2015). As oil and petroleum are very necessary for different commercial and domestic for every country and Saudi Arabia being one of the most leading countries for petroleum supply, supplies oil and petroleum to different other countries. This resulted in earning lot of wealth for the country. As the country is economically self sufficient and does not has much financial issu es therefore, it also takes different steps for the safety of its workers and the country has also different laws regarding the welfare and the safety of the workers working in the commercial sectors of the country. The industries have to abide by the law and follow all the labor related laws. Social Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: As said by Mokheimer et al. (2014) the different demographic, profit migration, culture, producing process and others are shown and depicted through the social factors of any industry. This is a sector which requires the hard and high amount of labor work to be done. The workers working in this sector are required to be professionals skilled and professionals. Therefore, the country treats its skilled labours as a resource of the country and their safety is utmost important for the industry as experienced labours are not available much. The oil and the petroleum industries cause great pollutions and here should be laws against it. However, no actions are being taken on it as this industry is considered to be the most important industry of the nation. The Bruck Textiles provides for the clothing that would act as a shield against all factors chances of accident, pollution and others. Technological factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: As stated by Al-Somali et al. (2013) the technological factors mainly include the technology and the techniques that are used and the way it affects the activities and the result of the operating process. The technologies and the modern techniques that are required by the industries of the oil sectors are very advance, huge and risk to handle. Therefore, the workers require special work wears that would ensure the safety of the worker while operating the different machines and others. All such fabrics and work wears for this purpose are imported in the country from Bruck textile. The latest technologies are required for the exploration of oil and gas and the use of roads drainage system and fuel tanks transportation. Legal Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: The legal factor includes mainly the rules and the laws that are prevailing in the country under the order of the government. The legal factor also ensures that the industrial sectors abide by the laws set by the government for the labor of the country. As mentioned by (Baamir 2016) the laws of the nation have been formed according to the different departments and international organizations like ASEAN, European Union, and others. The issues of exploitation, corruption and commercialization of the oil products are addressed through the legal laws of the country. The different industries of the nation have to pay the taxes, subsidies and other charges for the fossil fuels and the oil and petroleum prices (Aust 2013). Environmental Factors of oil industries of Saudi Arabia: The presence and the position of the oil reserves of Saudi Arabia have a great effect on the different activities of the oil industries. Due to the exploration of the ground for the extraction of the natural oil, the country has recently started facing the issues of earthquakes, cyclones, tsunami, sandstorms, high temperature and volcanic eruption (Krten et al. 2014). Many a times such accidents take place while the workers are working in the industries. To save the workers from these dangers, the Bruck Textiles provides Saudi Arabia with the solution uniforms for high daytime visibility, vector barrier, protection from ultraviolet rays, anti- static environment, insect borne pathogens, protection from radiant heat and flash fire and electric arc fire. (Matter et al. 2015). Conclusions: From the above study, it could be concluded that the political relation of Saudi Arabia is mostly affected due to the presence of the oil reserves in the country. The government of the nation provides for the services and the goods that are required for the oil and petroleum industry so that these industries could get enhanced. The oil industries emit loads of pollution in the country and are responsible for almost 70% of the nation's total pollution. The government also could not take any required step to combat this issue in the country as the oil and petroleum industry is the main industry of Saudi Arabia and the government would do anything to promote this sector. The government only promotes the industry but also it treats its workers as their resources as without them the work in such dangerous and hazardous sector would not have been possible. The specialized protective fabrics and solution uniforms are imported for the safety assurance of the workers from an Australia based c ompany, Bruck Textiles. The government gives the most importance to the growth as this is the main industry of Saudi Arabia and because of this industry Saudi Arabia is economically prosperous. References: Al Mallakh, R. and el Mallakh, R., 2015.Saudi Arabia: Rush to Development (RLE Economy of Middle East): Profile of an Energy Economy and Investment. Routledge. Alshehry, A.S. and Belloumi, M., 2015. Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: The case of Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,41, pp.237-247. Al-Somali, S.A., Gholami, R. and Clegg, B., 2013. An investigation into the adoption of electronic commerce among Saudi Arabian SMEs.E-Commerce for Organizational Development and Competitive Advantage, p.126. Aust, A., 2013.Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge University Press. Baamir, A.Y., 2016.Sharia Law in Commercial and Banking Arbitration: Law and Practice in Saudi Arabia. Routledge. Brown, G.F., Schmidt, D.L. and Huffman Jr, A.C., 2013.Geology of the Arabian Peninsula; shield area of western Saudi Arabia(No. 560-A). US Geological Survey. Bruck Textiles. (2016).About Bruck - Bruck Textiles. [online] Available at: https://www.brucktextiles.com.au/about-bruck/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Bruck Textiles. (2016).Oil Gas - Bruck Textiles. [online] Available at: https://www.brucktextiles.com.au/safety-protective/oil-gas/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. El Bcheraoui, C., Memish, Z.A., Tuffaha, M., Daoud, F., Robinson, M., Jaber, S., Mikhitarian, S., Al Saeedi, M., AlMazroa, M.A., Mokdad, A.H. and Al Rabeeah, A.A., 2014. Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: a national survey.International journal of hypertension,2014. Gause, F.G., 2014.Saudi Arabia in the New Middle East(No. 63). Council on Foreign Relations. Jouini, J., 2013. Return and volatility interaction between oil prices and stock markets in Saudi Arabia.Journal of Policy Modeling,35(6), pp.1124-1144. Krten, B., Al-Aidaroos, A.M., Struck, U., Khomayis, H.S., Gharbawi, W.Y. and Sommer, U., 2014. Influence of environmental gradients on C and N stable isotope ratios in coral reef biota of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia.Journal of Sea Research,85, pp.379-394. Matter, A., Neubert, E., Preusser, F., Rosenberg, T. and Al-Wagdani, K., 2015. Palaeo-environmental implications derived from lake and sabkha deposits of the southern Rub'al-Khali, Saudi Arabia and Oman.Quaternary International,382, pp.120-131. Mokheimer, E.M., Dabwan, Y.N., Habib, M.A., Said, S.A. and Al-Sulaiman, F.A., 2014. Techno-economic performance analysis of parabolic trough collector in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.Energy Conversion and Management,86, pp.622-633. Niblock, T. ed., 2015.State, Society and Economy in Saudi Arabia (RLE Saudi Arabia)(Vol. 6). Routledge. Team, F.M.E., 2013. PESTLE Analysis.Strategy Skill.

Chadwick Inc. Essay Example

Chadwick Inc. Essay Case Analysis: Chadwick Inc. case analysis Hamzah. Najib, Mustapha, Syed Hasan Background of Case 6: CHADWICK, INC. : THE BALANCED SCORECARD (ABRIDGED) Chadwick. Inc was a diversified producer of personal consumer products and pharmaceuticals. The Norwalk Division of Chadwick developed, manufactured and sold ethical drugs. The company was respected for the high quality of its products. Norwalk sold its products through several key distributors who supplied local markets. Norwalk relied on its excellent relations with the distributors who promote Norwalk’s products to customers and also received their feedbacks about new products desired. Chadwick’s long-term success depended on how much money distributors could make by promoting and selling Norwalk’s products. But, recent inroads by generic manufacturers had been eroding distributors’ sales and profit margins. With regards to its Research and Development, The development of ethical drugs was a lengthy, costly, and unpredictable process. The development and testing processes had many stages, starting with the discovery of compound, extensive and tedious testing, and documentation. Norwalk’s profitability during the 1980s was sustained by one key drug discovered in the late 1960s. However, no smash hit drug had emerged during the 1980s, and the compounds going through development, evaluation and test was not as Norwalk management desired. Scientists in the RD lab are pressured to increase the yield of promising new products, reduce the time and costs of the development cycle. Scientists were currently exploring new bio-engineering techniques to create compounds that had the specific active properties desired rather than depending on an almost random search through thousands of compounds. However, the bio-engineering procedures were costly. We will write a custom essay sample on Chadwick Inc. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chadwick Inc. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chadwick Inc. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A less expensive approach was to identify new applications for existing compounds that had already been approved for use. Suggestions for possible new applications from existing products could be obtained from Norwalk salesmen in the field who were now being trained not only to sell existing products for approved applications, but also to listen to end users feedbacks. Norwalk’s manufacturing processes were considered among the best in the industry as they can quickly and efficiently produce drugs once they had cleared governmental regulatory processes. Challenging financial targets were set for divisions to meet, which were expressed as Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). As a diversified company, Chadwick wanted to be able to deploy the returns from the most profitable divisions to those divisions that held out the highest promise for profitable growth. Bill Baron, Comptroller of Chadwick, had been searching for improved methods for evaluating the performance of the various divisions as division managers complained about the continual pressure to meet short-term financial objectives. He liked the idea of a Balanced Scorecard as it balances short-run financial objectives with the long- term performance of the company. John Greenfield, the Division Manager at Norwalk was sceptical of how much freedom he had to develop and use such a scorecard. Divisional Controller, Wil Wagner, who was involved in the process for creating Balance Scorecards for Norwalk Division lamented that he did not have a clear understanding of the vision and business strategy for Norwalk, which serve as a foundation to build the scorecard. Major Issue: The major issue of the case is with regards to company’s current processes in its RD to develop new products which were lengthy, costly and unpredictable. There is the need to make significant investments in RD to improve the current processes so as to enable the company to sustain and achieve success in the long run. Another major issue is that the company has inadequate or poor performance measurement to ensure managers’ efforts are rewarded for meeting the long term, strategic objectives of the company. Presently, the company only sets Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) as the challenging financial target for the divisions to meet, which places continual pressure on division managers to meet short-term financial objectives at the expense of long-term, strategic objectives in business that requires extensive investments in risky projects to yield long-term returns. Hence, the idea of Balance Scorecard was introduced to the company. SWOT analysis Strength 1)Good reputation: Chadwick Inc. has been established for more than 50 years and it has been known for its high quality products. The quality factor provides the competitive advantage for the company in the pharmaceutical industry. 2)Manufacturing process: The company’s manufacturing process is considered one of the best in the industry. The production process also includes producing separate batches of new products specifically for testing and evaluation purposes. 3)Excellent distributor relationship: This is the main factor that affects the company’s product success. Apart from making the products available in the local markets, the distributors of Chadwick Inc. lso serves the purpose of spokesperson. They will promote the company’s new products and increase the awareness among people about the existence, functions and benefits of the products. They also listen to customer opinions and this enables Chadwick Inc. to receive timely customer feedbacks about their products through their distributers. Weakness 1)Extensive and tedious testing process: In Chadwick Inc. , 30,000 compounds have to be tested before certain products are approves for sale. Although this extensive testing procedures has positive impact towards the product quality and durability, it also causes the production process to be lengthy and costly, resulting in increase of manufacturing and overhead expenses. 2)Challenging financial targets based on ROCE: The top management in Chadwick Inc. has been setting challenging financial targets for the division managers. The financial targets have been set based on Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), which is considered inappropriate for a pharmaceutical company. Due to the desperateness to meet the specified target, there is tendency for the division managers to try to manipulate the actual data to reduce the gap between the budgeted results and the actual results. 3)Pressure to increase yield: The top management has also been pressurizing the scientists of Chadwick Inc. to increase the yield of the products and to reduce the time and cost of production. Generally, if the top management emphasizes on reducing the cost, it may have negative effects on the quality of the products. Therefore, it may result in customer dissatisfaction or loss of customer loyalty. Opportunities 1)Bio-engineering techniques: The bio-engineering mechanism can help the scientists to identify only the active compounds which desired and useful applications, instead of the random search process currently employed by the scientists. Then, they will perform tests on each and every one of them to find useful applications on the compound. This traditional search process results in wastage and very time-consuming since only one or two compounds may have beneficial applications out of ten compounds developed. On the other hand, the bio-engineering mechanism can save time and cost for testing process. Although it requires a huge amount of investment, in the long-run, it will result in reduction on cost of production and more efficient production process as it can eliminate wastage and other irrelevant testing procedures. 2)Changing global environment: Chadwick Inc. ’s products have only been sold in the domestic markets, despite its good reputation and period of existence of more than 50 years. Nowadays, the awareness about healthcare has been increasing all over the world. This indicates the increased global demand for pharmaceutical products. Therefore, it is best for Chadwick inc. to seek opportunity to enter into the global market. Since it has a good reputation as an established pharmaceutical company, it would be rather easier to venture into the global markets and thus, gaining more customers and higher revenue. Threats 1)Recent inroads by generic manufacturers: Generic products are products which are not patented and therefore, it can be produced by many manufacturers. These products usually have higher demand and since there are many manufacturers, it is competitively-priced. The recent inroads by generic manufacturers may affect Chadwick Inc. ’s competitive position in the industry and one of the new entrants may emerge as a bigger player in the industry compared to Chadwick. 2)Too dependent on the distributors: Chadwick Inc. ’s product success mostly depends on the distributors’ effort in promoting them and increasing the awareness among people. They currently do not have an alternative promotional strategy rather than relying on the distributors. In the long run, this may cause the distributors to have higher bargaining power and make expensive demands to Chadwick Inc. in order to promote their products. Critical Success Factors for Chadwick Inc. †¢Customer’s satisfaction-Being in the pharmaceutical industry where the competition is mostly based on differentiation and the customers value the product based on the quality and not its cost, the most important critical success factor for a company is customer satisfaction. This is related to the quality of the product. So, the company should focus on value added processes to ensure high quality of its product that meet customers’ requirement and fulfil their satisfaction †¢Research and Development- To stay competitive in the long run and meet constantly changing expectations from customers, the company should invest significantly in research and development . Proper investment in RD will ensure efficient subsequent business processes and development of high quality products that meet customers’ expectations, and thus fulfil their satisfaction. Products- Being in the pharmaceutical industry, it is very important that every new drug that has been developed and approved to be unique from other competitors’ and patented. Patented drug could generate enormous revenues to a company as it prevents other companies from selling the same drug, thus making the company who produced such drug to be the sole distributor or seller. †¢Internal Business Process- Internal business proc ess is very critical to the a company’s success. The processes, especially in manufacturing, should be cost-efficient and speedy enough to reach the customers. †¢Information and communication system- Sound information and communication system is critical to a company’s long-term success since it facilitates exchange of information within the company and between the company and the outside parties. Useful information such as suggestions from employees or feedbacks of customers that are communicated in a timely manner will enable the company to make decision more effectively. Problem Identification From the case, Chadwick Inc. faces several problems within the company which can potentially harm its long-term sustainability and profitability unless the top management do something to address these problems swiftly. Among the problems are: 1) Vision and Mission: As complained by the Divisional Controller of Chadwick, the company currently does not have clearly defined business vision and strategy. Without clear understanding and communication of business vision and strategy across all levels and members of the company, the employees or managers, especially, may commit and direct their efforts or the company’s resources in a way that may be deviated from the vision and strategic objectives of the company. By having clear business vision and mission, it will provide goal congruency, which align manager’s fforts with the company’s strategic objectives 2) Research and Development: With regards to its RD, the problem is that the development of ethical drugs was a lengthy, costly and unpredictable process that involves extensive and tedious testing and documentation. This problem may explain why the company has not been able to produce any blockbuster drug in 1980s since the discovery of one key drug in late 1960s. Besides, scientists are pressured by management to develop promising drug and to reduce cycle time and cost. As a result, the new drug quality may no t meet the criteria and approved by government. The current process in development cycle is considered obsolete and needs to be replaced by new systematic technique such as bio-engineering technique that can significantly reduce time and costs, and enhance the potential of developing new promising product. 3) Performance Measurement: Currently, Chadwick only has one financial measure to evaluate the performance of its various divisions, which are Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). The challenging financial targets set for the various divisions to meet may lead to unnecessary cost cutting measures which can undermine the quality of products. Besides ROCE, does not address long term objective of the company, in which divisions’ managers may disregard critical long-term investments such as buying new equipment or replacing the old obsolete assets if their minimum rate of return is less than the divisions’ current ROCE. This is because, making such investment will reduce their ROCE, which can give negative impression in the performance evaluation Recommendations: The main problems faced by the Chadwick as discussed earlier are particularly in the aspect of goal congruency and the performance measurement. To solve such problems, the company is recommended to adopt a strategic performance measurement system that takes into account â€Å"What gets rewarded, really counts; what counts, get measured; what gets measured get done; what gets done, get rewarded† Therefore, we recommend the company to use Balance Scorecard which provides comprehensive measure of performance for each division and to ensure each business activities of the company are directed towards achieving the strategic objectives of the company . But firstly, the company should establish clear and proper business vision and mission for the Balance Scorecard to work effectively. By having clear business vision and strategy, efforts and resources will be committed towards achieving such vision. For example, the company’s vision could be â€Å"We strive to be the most valued company to customers, employees, investors and business partners†. The company’s vision will provide broad guidelines on how Balance Scorecard is to be designed and is communicated in terms of goals which will be identified in the Balance Scorecard. Balance Scorecard basically provides a four perspectives framework to translate strategy into operational terms. The four aspects of Balance Scorecard are financial, customer, internal business process and learning and growth. These aspects are critical success factors, on which the performance of organizational units can be assessed, which also function to achieve the company’s vision and mission. Balance Scorecard links strategy to operations, serves as a record of results achieved, indicates expected results and focuses on drivers of future performance In each of the perspectives, the main objective will be defined, along with measures to be taken, specific targets and initiatives to be carried out to achieve this objective. Performance will be measured based on how effective the division’s or manager’s efforts and activities in achieving the objectives in each of the four perspectives. Financial perspective of Balance Scorecard how the company’s financial position or performance will be looked by the shareholders. In this aspect, the main indicators of performance is the company’s profitability, cost reduction, and the shareholder value. For example, the company, instead of just using ROCE, can also use Residual Income(RI) and Economic Value Added (EVA) as a basis of performance evaluation for financial perspective. Since RI and EVA are based on monetary value, not in term of percentage as in ROCE, the managers may be motivated to accept investments (which may be critical to the company’s success) as long as they provide positive net income, although the minimum rate of returns of such investments are lower than the current ROCE. Customer Perspective relates to how a company serves the needs of customers and fulfil their satisfaction to be successful. The issues to be addressed are to identify market, how to attract new customers and retain existing customers. Among the important criteria to in relation to this perspective are price and quality of products, service, customer relationship, and reputation. For example, one specific measure to evaluate the performance could be the response time to customer’s inquiry Internal Business Process basically addresses how a company can improve its internal business processes that will satisfy and add value to customers or shareholders. Among the key performance indicators are reduced cycle time, cost per unit, and increase in productivity. For example, the objective could be to improve the quality of work place and the specific measure could be the percentage of employee who report that they are satisfied, while the target set is 80% of employee report that they are satisfied, and the initiative to be taken to achieve this objective is to establish comprehensive HR plan. As internal business process is important aspect of company’s long term success and included in the performance measurement, manager may be motivated to improve the current business processes by making new investments. For Chadwick case, for example, manager may switch to bio-engineering technique to replace the current process in RD as this initiative will ensure the company’s sustainability and profitability in the long run, which are in line with the long term strategy or vision of the company. Learning and growth perspective commits a firm to continually learn to excel and be flexible in their process to adapt to changing economic environment, and to meet changing customer demands and shareholder expectations. Among important aspects of this perspective are new skills acquired by employees and intellectual assets. In this aspect, a firm identifies the infrastructure that an organization must build to create long-term growth and improvement. For example, Chadwick may invest in information technology and systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) to facilitate exchange of critical internal and external information such as distributors’ feedback about the customers or suggestion from employees that will improve the overall process and satisfy customers.